The Republic of Turkey (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti) is a total area of 814 578 sq km is one of the few countries on two continents, between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean.
97% of the country are located in Asia (Anatolia), 3% in Europe (Thrace). Bordering countries are Greece (206 km border), Bulgaria (240km), Georgia (252 km), Armenia (268km), Azerbaijan (Nakhchivan exclave and autonomous republic, 9 km), Iran (499 km), Iraq (352 km) and Syria with 822 km border line.
live in Turkey, some 70 million inhabitants, the growth rate is 1.21%. The capital city is Ankara, the official language is Turkish. In parts of East and Southeast and Kurdish is spoken. The climate in Turkey is characterized by a continental climate in Anatolia and Mediterranean climate of the South and West coast.
Since 1941, Turkey is geographically divided into seven regional zones, the holding will have no political significance. They differ in their climate, vegetation and land use: The Maramararegion, the Aegean, the Black Sea, Central Anatolia, Mediterranean Region, Eastern Anatolia and Southeastern Anatolia.
The Marmara region in north-west of the country is mainly through the million-metropolis Istanbul, the economic and industrial center of Turkey. The Sea of Marmara and the Bosphorus separates here the continents of Europe and Asia and the Aegean Sea from the Black Sea.
Thrace is also used for agriculture for the cultivation of sunflower, sugar beet, barley and wine. The Aegean region is both industrially for the automotive and textile industry, and agriculture for the olive oil and Wine used. Also, marble, sulfur and salt deposits are found in this region.
In the region around Bursa also peaches, peppers, onions and potatoes are grown. The Black Sea region, with its temperate climate and wooded, mountainous landscape can by their very fertile soil cultivation of tea and tobacco, and also from corn and hazelnuts.
Central Anatolia is mainly characterized by a steppe landscape with dry, hot climate, therefore, this region is suitable for growing barley and wheat, sugar beets, pistachios, cotton and fruit plantations (especially water melons). The sheep and goat farming is an economically big factor for this region. Winters in Central Anatolia can be very cold, with temperatures down to -20 degrees Celsius.
The plateaus and mountain ranges with the Cappadocian tuff caves and rock-hewn churches made the landscape in the east of this region famous. The Mediterranean region is known for its fertile soil and the cultivation of bananas and citrus fruits, wine, olives, figs, bananas, tomatoes, cotton, rice, pistachios, peanuts and tobacco.
located in the north, the Taurus Mountains, whose slopes provide some sub-tropical climate. run in the Southeast Anatolia Rivers Euphrates and Tigris. This area is heavily used for agriculture for cultivation of wheat and barley, but also for olive, wine and pistachio cultivation. The cattle, sheep and goat farming is of great economic importance. Furthermore, this region is the oldest cultural region of Turkey.
Religion: The predominant religion in Turkey is Islam. Almost 99% of the population are Muslims, the Sunni majority (80%) of them, that they live in an orthodox direction of Islam. Furthermore, there are about 15 million Alevis who live according to the orientation of the heterodox Islam. The Republic founder Mustafa Kemal Atatürk secularism was introduced, which requires a strict separation between state and religion. The control of the incumbent, however, the State Administration for Religious Affairs. Religious minorities such as Armenian Christians are estimated at about 60,000, also there are some 23,000 Jews, 15,000 Syrian Orthodox, 10,000 Baha'is, ca 3500-4000 Greek Orthodox Christians, Yazidis about 2000 and about 2,500 Protestants and Catholics.
policy The government of Turkey is a parliamentary democracy with a separation of powers between the legislative, executive and judicial branches. The administrative structure is centralized. The head of state is the president (Currently Abdullah Gul), which is in direct election date chosen for 7 years, starting in 2014, the term but is set to 5 years. Currently the head of government Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan is in office. Parliament consists of the Turkish Grand National Assembly (Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi TBMM with a chamber and 550 seats, the parliamentary term is 4 years and is directly elected by the people. The current ruling party, the AKP (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi) the Party for Justice and Development with 338 deputies.'s Chairman Recep Tayyip Erdogan. The opposition is the CHP (Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi), the Republican People's Party with 98 MPs with the Chairman Deniz Baykal. is further represented in Parliament, the MHP (Milliyetci Hareket Partisi), the party of the nationalist movement with 69 deputies, the DTP (Demokratik Toplum Partisi, the Party for a Democratic Society, with 21 deputies, the DSP (Demokratik Sol Parti), the Democratic Left Party with 13 MPs and the ÖDP (Özgürlük ve Dayanisma Partisi), the party of freedom and solidarity with one deputy, and five independents and five vacancies National Holidays. January (New Year's Day) April (Day of national independence and the children) May (Day of Youth and Sports) 30th August (Republic Day (proclamation of the republic by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk in 1923))
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